Relationships between the pittsburgh sleep quality index. Open access research the sleep condition indicator. This comprehensive and continuously evolving resource provides rules for scoring sleep stages, arousals, respiratory events during sleep. The 19 selfrated questions assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including. It was developed, in part, to provide a userfriendly and clinicallyoriented. Questions 1 through 9 are not allowed to be missing except as noted below. Reliability and validity of the pittsburgh sleep quality. During the past month, how often have you had trouble sleeping because you. Pittsburgh sleep quality index the psqi consists of 19 selfrated questions and. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity and factor structure of the psqi and ess questionnaires among young adults in four countries chile, ethiopia, peru and. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is an effective instrument used to measure. The following questions relate to your usual sleep habits during the. Your answers should indicate the most accurate reply for the majority of days and nights in the past month. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, and takes 510 minutes to complete.
The psqi is a 19item selfreported questionnaire that evaluates sleep quality over the past month. The psqi comprises 19 items and assesses seven components of sleep quality subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, duration, efficiency, disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Pdf validation of a 3factor scoring model for the pittsburgh. Pdf validity of the italian version of the pittsburgh sleep. In scoring the psqi, seven component scores are derived, each scored 0 no. The following questions relate to your usual sleep habits during the past month only. Scoring algorithms for qol and psychological assessments contents rand sf36 2 3 profile of mood states poms 4 perceived stress scale pss 5 pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi 6 7 derogatis interview for sexual functioning disfsr 8 9. To use the scoring tables in this manual, calculate a summed score. Sleep dysfunction assessments, screenings and outcome measures. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi consultgeri. Quantification of subjective sleep quality in healthy elderly men and women using the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi. In the sample of women with ptsd, global psqia and caps scores were positively and significantly correlated r.
Pittsburgh sleep quality index pitt psychiatry department. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is an effective instrument used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in the older adult. Scoring of the answers is based on a 0 to 3 scale, whereby 3 reflects the. Aasm scoring manual american academy of sleep medicine. Scores on items belong to factors 2 and 5 restoration after sleep and satisfaction with. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is a measure of sleep quality that takes 510 minutes to complete. It consists of 19 selfreport items plus a 5item rating made by a bed partner that is not included in scoring. Pdf the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is widely used to assess subjective. Pdf validity of the italian version of the pittsburgh.
Rules, terminology and technical specifications is the definitive reference for the evaluation of polysomnography psg and a home sleep apnea test hsat. The publication of the aasm manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events in 2007 was a landmark event and the culmination of thousands of hours of hard work by many dedicated individuals. Pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi form administration instructions, references, and scoring form administration instructions the range of values for questions 5 through 10 are all 0 to 3. The original version was designed to measure sleep reports over a one. Associations between pittsburgh sleep quality index. The aim of this study is to validate the italian version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi, comparing five different groups of individuals healthy young and elderly, sleep apnoea syndrome patients, depressed patients, individuals with dementia by both questionnaire scores and polysomnographic measures.
The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is a selfreport questionnaire that assesses sleep. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi measures retrospective sleep quality and disturbances over a 1. Developed by researchers at the university of pittsburgh, the psqi is intended to be a standardized sleep questionnaire for. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi, a selfadministrated questionnaire, is a frequently used instrument to assess sleep quality in clinical and nonclinical populations. Psqi, a item, selfrating tool, assesses sleep quality and discriminates between good and poor sleepers. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is considered an essential measure of sleep and insomnia symptoms in treatment research, and it is a recommended assessment tool for both epidemiological studies and studies that address the mechanisms of sleep disorders. The isi is very sound psychometrically, and is more speci. Each of the questionnaires 19 selfreported items belongs to one of seven subcategories. The aasm manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Validation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index in community.
Sleep quality is recognized as one of the most important determinants of healthy sleep buysse, 2014, but the indicators of good or bad sleep are based more on the individual perception than the objective characteristics of this behavioral state. Psychometric evaluation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index. Associations between pittsburgh sleep quality index factors. Item 10, which is the second page of the scale, does not contribute to the psqi score. Pdf shortening of the pittsburgh sleep quality index. Validation of a 3factor scoring model for the pittsburgh. Your answers should indicate the most accurate reply for the. A variety of other studies have demonstrated psqi concurrent validity. It was developed, in part, to provide a userfriendly and clinicallyoriented measure of sleep quality. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is an effective instrument.
Scoring using a fourpoint, likerttype scale, respondents indicate how frequently they exhibit certain sleep behaviors 0 few, 1 sometimes, 2 often, and 3 almost always. Validation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index in. Scores on items belong to factors 2 and 5 restoration after sleep and satisfaction with sleep and are reversed before being tallied. Scoring of each component is illustrated in the appendix. If these questions are missing then any scores calculated using missing questions are also missing. Background the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi and the epworth sleepiness scale ess are questionnaires used to assess sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in clinical and populationbased studies. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is a selfreport questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1month time interval. The most widely cited sleep screening tool is the pittsburg sleep quality index psqi. Nov 24, 2011 as psychiatric disorders are often associated with sleep disturbances, the psqi was designed to evaluate overall sleep quality in these clinical populations. Subject instructions for the psqi are contained in the. Construct validity and factor structure of the pittsburgh. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi was designed by d. All participants completed the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi and the psqi a at intake. New records can be added by clicking the right arrow.
It assesses sleep disturbance over the past seven days. Absolute beginners and anyone wishing to refresh their understanding of full polysomnographic sleep studies, including physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, students, and researchers with a professional interest in sleep medicine. Review the changes from the 2007 scoring manual to the new manual identify the visual rules for sleep scoring describe the rules and changes for respiratory scoring. Diagnostic and statistical manualiv diagnosis n 212. Therefore, this study aimed to assess its psychometric properties in community dwelling ethiopian adults. Updated annually, the aasm manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events is an online resource offering you multiplatform digital access from your desktop, tablet and mobile device. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is a selfrated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a lmonth time interval.
Validation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index and the. The applicability of the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi in screening of insomnia is demonstrated in various populations. This screen shows a record that has been entered via the form. Sdb workshop 2018 technologies for the diagnosis and monitoring of sleep disordered breathing neil freedman, md head, division of pulmonary, critical care, allergy and immunology. Technologies for the diagnosis and monitoring of sleep.
Developed as a tool for recognition of and discrimination between good and bad sleepers, psqi contains 19 selfreported items and five questions covering seven dimensions of perceived sleep quality over a 1month interval sleep duration, disturbances, latency, daytime dysfunction, habitual. A brief sleep scale for posttraumatic stress disorder. This online publication is indispensable for sleep technologists, and it is an essential reference for physicians who interpret sleep studies. A total score of 5 or greater is indicative of poor sleep quality. The 19 selfrated questions assess a wide variety of factors and are grouped into seven component. The latter five questions are used for clinical information only, are not tabulated in the scoring of the psqi, and are not reported on in this article. Scoring model is suggested by the author buysse et al. Validation of a 3factor scoring model for the pittsburgh sleep quality index in older.
Validation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder psqia in u. The sleep scale is a survey developed for the rand medical outcomes study, a twoyear study of patients with chronic conditions to help assess quality of life and wellbeing. Apr, 2012 the aim of this study is to validate the italian version of the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi, comparing five different groups of individuals healthy young and elderly, sleep apnoea syndrome patients, depressed patients, individuals with dementia by both questionnaire scores and polysomnographic measures. Structure validity of the pittsburgh sleep quality index. Dec 15, 2008 8 cole jc, motivala sj, buysse dj, et al. Fifty individuals 10 for each group participated in the study.
Mar 27, 2017 the applicability of the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi in screening of insomnia is demonstrated in various populations. Pittsburgh sleep quality index american thoracic society. The psqi discriminates between good and poor sleepers, and provides a brief, clinically useful assessment of multiple sleep disturbances. During the instruments development, both quantitative and subjective aspects of sleep, such as depth and comfort, were taken into consideration. Sum of subscale scores generates a global psqi score, which, when 5 and more, is considered indicative of poor sleep quality. Oct 30, 2003 the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi measures retrospective sleep quality and disturbances over a 1.
The psqi was administered as a selfreport questionnaire. The order of the psqi items has been modified from the original order in order to fit the first 9 items which are the only items that contribute to the total score on a single page. Relationships between the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi, epworth sleepiness scale ess, and clinicalpolysomnographic measures in a community sample. The sleep disturbance short form is universal rather than disease specific. Validity of the italian version of the pittsburgh sleep. Although please note that this is not as good at detecting problems with irregularly timed sleep, and some forms of sleep related daytime dysfunction, and it does not detect excessive sleep hypersomnia. Psychiatry research, 28, 1932 193 elsevier the pittsburgh sleep quality index. Yet, validation of the psqi singlefactor scoring has not been carried out. A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. How many hours of actual sleep do you get at night. Prevalence of qualitative sleep disturbances is very high in general population, ranging from 8% ohayon, 2002 to over 35%, as reported. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi contains 19 selfrated questions and 5 questions rated by the bed partner or roommate if one is available.
Your answers should indicate the most accurate reply for. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is an effective instrument used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in adults. Recordings were scored according to the aasm manual of scoring sleep and. The psqi yields seven sleep components related to sleep habits including duration of sleep, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, use of sleep medicine, daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness, and overall sleep quality. The 2007 manual resulted in standardization of sleep monitoring techniques and scoring, improving. The aasm manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events the 2007 aasm scoring manual vs. The psqi discriminates between good and poor sleepers, and provides a brief, clinically useful. Pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi serenity medical services. Official publication of the american academy of sleep medicine, 4, 563. Validation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder psqi a in u. Development of the sleep quality scale semantic scholar.
Nineteen individual items generate seven component scores. The pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi is widely used to assess subjective sleep disturbances in psychiatric, medical, and healthy adult and older adult populations. The aasm manual for the scoring of sleep and associated. But, the tool has not been validated in a sample of ethiopians. A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research daniel j.
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